In what ways do our values affect our acquisition of knowledge?

What this prompt is really asking

Each of the twelve TOK concepts gives you a different way into a prompt. These are the ones that do the most work here.

• Values

  Knowledge and Society · primary lens

  Acquisition is selective. What a knower goes looking for, and what they stop to check, is set by what they take to be worth knowing.

  What a knower or a community takes to be worth pursuing, protecting or preferring. Values operate inside knowledge production and not just around it: they select the problems, set the acceptable risk of error, and decide which trade-offs count as costs.

• Perspective

  The Knower's Lens

  Values are held from a position, so the prompt connects to how a knower's situation shapes their attention.

  The position from which a knower encounters something, made up of their history, training, interests and situation. A perspective is not only a limitation: it can make features of a problem visible that no view from nowhere would pick up.

Where the knowledge framework bites

Reached through this prompt’s concepts, in the framework’s canonical order.

Perspectives

Values: What a community values determines which problems look important, so the value commitments of a discipline and the range of perspectives inside it reinforce one another over time.

Perspective: This element exists because the standpoint of the knower is not noise to be removed. Whose questions a field has taken seriously, and whose it has not, is part of the content of what that field currently knows.

Ethics

Values: Values are not applied to finished knowledge from outside. They are already in the choice of question, the acceptable rate of false positives, and the decision about which harms count as costs, which is why value-free enquiry is not an available option.

Perspective: Deciding whose perspective counts as informed is an ethical act with epistemic consequences. Excluding a standpoint usually removes the evidence only that standpoint could have supplied.