tokatlas
Teacher account

The textbook findings that would not repeat

Global in scope·An enduring case

Large replication projects in psychology found that many celebrated effects shrank or vanished on rerun, implicating flexible analysis, publication bias and small samples rather than fraud. Findings that had entered textbooks were demoted to maybes. The crisis was less about individual studies than about what publication had been taken to certify.

The concepts this raises

Each of these gives a class a different way into the same case.

JustificationGrounds of Knowledge
The reasoning that connects evidence to a conclusion. Two knowers can hold the same evidence and be justified in different beliefs if their inferential standards differ. Justification is what separates knowing something from happening to be right about it.
CertaintyStatus of Knowledge
The degree to which doubt about a claim has been closed off. Certainty is a state of the knower, not of the claim, which is why a claim can be true without anyone being certain of it and why confidence and reliability can come apart badly.

Where it sits in the knowledge framework

Methods and tools
The practices, conventions, instruments and forms of reasoning through which knowledge here is actually made, together with the assumptions those methods build in and what they are structurally unable to detect.

Areas of knowledge

The same ideas, somewhere else

Cases that raise a concept this one raises, but in a different area of knowledge or a different part of the world. That contrast is the point: it is what shows a student the concept travels.