Grounds of Knowledge
Evidence
What is offered in support of a claim. Evidence is not the same as proof: it raises or lowers how likely a claim is, and its force depends on how it was gathered, what it was gathered for, and what else it is consistent with. Asking what would count as evidence against a claim is usually more revealing than listing evidence for it.
How claims are supported. These concepts ask what has to be in place before a claim earns the right to be believed, and what the difference is between a reason and a rationalisation.
Situations that raise evidence
All 38 situationsReal cases a class can argue about, where this concept is what is actually at stake.
- When a government doubted the virusAfrica
- The city the lasers found under the jungleSoutheast Asia
- The divers evolution equippedSoutheast Asia
- Counting Bhopal's victimsIndia
- Demonetisation and the missing counterfactualIndia
- The third umpire and the ball that never arrivedSouth Asia
- Counting the drug warSoutheast Asia
- The night the exit polls were wrongIndia